- The synthesis and degradation of glycogen in muscle is not
a futile (ATP-hydrolyzing) cycle because:
glycogen
synthase and phosphorylase are simultaneously activated.
when
glycogen synthase is inactivated, phosphorylase is simultaneously
activated.
glycogen
binds Mg2+, thereby lowering the concentration of
MgATP2-.
cyclic
AMP activates adenylate kinase.
of
the Pasteur effect.
- Which one of the following is the most correct?
NAD
is used in glycolysis and in the pentose phosphate shunt.
NAD
is used in glycolysis, but not in the pentose phosphate shunt.
NADP
is used in glycolysis and in the pentose phosphate shunt.
NADP
is used in glycolysis, but not in the pentose phosphate shunt.
NAD
and NADP are both used in oxidative phosphorylation.
- The hexose monophosphate shunt pathway is utilized for all
of the following EXCEPT which one?
formation
of ATP
generation
of NADPH
ribose-5-phosphate
synthesis
ribose-5-phosphate
degradation
synthesis
of pentoses
- Which of the following is a tricarboxylic acid?
oxaloacetic
acid
succinic
acid
a-ketoglutaric acid
citric
acid
acetic
acid
- Which one of the following substances can be formed directly
by a carbon dioxide fixation reaction?
glucose
glutamine
lactic
acid
pyruvic
acid
oxaloacetic
acid
- The reduced coenzyme of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase,
located in the mitochondrial membrane, is oxidized by:
NADH
dehydrogenase.
coenzyme
Q (ubiquinone).
cytochrome
c.
cytochrome
oxidase.
cytochrome
a.
- The glycerol phosphate shuttle functions in:
anaerobic
glycolysis for regeneration of NAD.
lipid
catabolism.
aerobic
glycolysis to transport NADH equivalents resulting from glycolysis
into mitochondria.
triglyceride
synthesis.
- Which of the following are functions of the TCA cycle?
1. The generation of NADH and reduced flavins.
2. The formation of a-ketoglutarate.
3. The oxidation of acetyl-CoA produced from glycolysis and fatty
acid oxidation.
4. The utilization of excess ATP generated by glycolysis.
1,
2, and 3 are correct.
1
and 3 are correct.
2
and 4 are correct.
only
4 is correct.
all
four are correct.
- Which of the following metabolic processes in the cell proceed
by different pathways in the forward and reverse directions,
under physiological conditions?
1. Glucose ´ glucose 6-phosphate.
2. Fructose 6-phosphate ´ fructose
1,6-bisphosphate.
3. Phosphoenolpyruvate ´ pyruvate.
4. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ´
3-phosphoglycerate.
1,
2, and 3 are correct.
1
and 3 are correct.
2
and 4 are correct.
only
4 is correct.
All
four are correct.
- The hexose monophosphate shunt:
1. can convert glucose to carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen.
2. can provide five carbon sugars when the cell's needs for nucleotides
is high.
3. would have a diminished role in the metabolism of glucose
in individuals with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
4. can provide the cell with NADH needed in the synthesis of
fatty acids.
1,
2, and 3 are correct.
1
and 3 are correct.
2
and 4 are correct.
only
4 is correct.
all
four are correct.